3題英文化學題目~求高手解答!!

[糖果=) 10]

81題目說的圖~

求詳解..希望是詳解QQ 我化學很差:'(

[Albert Wu 10]

71a找單位晶格，應該就是四角都是紅/黑的3atom*3atom正方形吧...兩種顏色似乎是對稱的

b用a的答案硬算有幾個原子

c舉像四角白色2atom*2atom的應該就可以了，因為沒有重複（中心原子有黑有紅

81a我不知道中文是不是叫配位數，應該是6,6（一個原子和其他幾個原子接）

b應該是問一組晶格有幾組實驗式（離子化合物沒差）吧，用晶格圖算一下有幾組（要除以不同晶格重複算的比例

）會得到4。可以找網路上NaCl的算法

c代原子半徑直接按圖來算立方體邊長和體積

d就是b答案*實驗式分子量/c答案

105我也不清楚，第二個圖在0K應該不會有氣體吧...（要不然就是理想氣體了）我猜是沒考慮分子作用力

有錯請不吝賜教

[hlmychin 10]

以下是原文詳解

71. (a) We naturally tend to look at crystal structures in right-left, up-down terms. If we do that here, we might be tempted to assign a unit cell as a square, with its corners at the centers of the light-colored squares. But the crystal does not “know” right and left or top and bottom. If we look at this crystal from the lower right corner, we see a unit cell that has its corners at the centers of dark-colored diamonds. These two types of unit cells are

outlined at the top of the diagram below.

無法附圖，這邊有三種單位晶格的選取方式

1.由四個灰色方格組成的正方形

2.四個菱形組成的菱形

3.中央為圓形邊緣由菱形、正方形的對角線組成

(b) The unit cell has one light-colored square fully inside it. It has four light-colored

“circles” (which the computer doesn’t draw as very round) on the edges, each shared

with one other unit cell. So there are a total of 4 *1/ 2 = 2 circles per unit cell. Also, the

unit cell has four dark-colored diamonds, one at each corner, and each diamond is shared

with four other unit cells, for a total of 4 *1/ 4 = 1 diamond per unit cell.

© One example of an erroneous unit cell is the small square outlined near the center of the

figure drawn in part (a). Notice that simply repeatedly translating this unit cell toward

the right, so that its left edge sits where its right edge is now, will not generate the lattice.

81(a) In a sodium chloride type of lattice, there are six cations around each anion and six

anions around each cation. These oppositely charged ions are arranged as follows: one

above, one below, one in front, one in back, one to the right, and one to the left. Thus the

coordination number of Mg2+ is 6 and that of O2- is 6 also.

P.S.樓上是正確的，翻譯為配位數沒錯

(b) In the unit cell, there is an oxide ion at each of the eight corners; each of these is shared between eight unit cells. There also is an oxide ion at the center of each of the six faces; each of these oxide ions is shared between two unit cells.

There is a magnesium ion on each of the twelve edges; each of these is shared between

four unit cells. There also is a magnesium ion in the center which is not shared with

another unit cell.

運算的部分網頁無法直正確顯示，大致上只剩下角心.面心球的簡單運算

© Along the edge of the unit cell, Mg2+ and O2- ions are in contact. The length of the edge is equal to the radius of one O2- , plus the diameter of Mg2+, plus the radius of another O2-.

edge length=2× O2- radius+2× Mg2+ radius=2×140 pm+2×72 pm=424 pm

The unit cell is a cube; its volume is the cube of its length.

(d)得到單位體積後除MgO得式量可得密度

105.

(a)三相點壓力同時也是液相存在的最低壓力，所以那小幅度的彎曲是錯誤的

(b)固-氣曲線應通過原點

題外話，樓主是使用Petrucci 10th edition的普通化學嗎?

[糖果=) 10]

71a找單位晶格，應該就是四角都是紅/黑的3atom*3atom正方形吧...兩種顏色似乎是對稱的

b用a的答案硬算有幾個原子

c舉像四角白色2atom*2atom的應該就可以了，因為沒有重複（中心原子有黑有紅

81a我不知道中文是不是叫配位數，應該是6,6（一個原子和其他幾個原子接）

b應該是問一組晶格有幾組實驗式（離子化合物沒差）吧，用晶格圖算一下有幾組（要除以不同晶格重複算的比例

）會得到4。可以找網路上NaCl的算法

c代原子半徑直接按圖來算立方體邊長和體積

d就是b答案*實驗式分子量/c答案

105我也不清楚，第二個圖在0K應該不會有氣體吧...（要不然就是理想氣體了）我猜是沒考慮分子作用力

有錯請不吝賜教

謝謝大大!!講得好清楚~感謝^^

[糖果=) 10]

以下是原文詳解

71. (a) We naturally tend to look at crystal structures in right-left, up-down terms. If we do that here, we might be tempted to assign a unit cell as a square, with its corners at the centers of the light-colored squares. But the crystal does not “know” right and left or top and bottom. If we look at this crystal from the lower right corner, we see a unit cell that has its corners at the centers of dark-colored diamonds. These two types of unit cells are

outlined at the top of the diagram below.

無法附圖，這邊有三種單位晶格的選取方式

1.由四個灰色方格組成的正方形

2.四個菱形組成的菱形

3.中央為圓形邊緣由菱形、正方形的對角線組成

(b) The unit cell has one light-colored square fully inside it. It has four light-colored

“circles” (which the computer doesn’t draw as very round) on the edges, each shared

with one other unit cell. So there are a total of 4 *1/ 2 = 2 circles per unit cell. Also, the

unit cell has four dark-colored diamonds, one at each corner, and each diamond is shared

with four other unit cells, for a total of 4 *1/ 4 = 1 diamond per unit cell.

© One example of an erroneous unit cell is the small square outlined near the center of the

figure drawn in part (a). Notice that simply repeatedly translating this unit cell toward

the right, so that its left edge sits where its right edge is now, will not generate the lattice.

81(a) In a sodium chloride type of lattice, there are six cations around each anion and six

anions around each cation. These oppositely charged ions are arranged as follows: one

above, one below, one in front, one in back, one to the right, and one to the left. Thus the

coordination number of Mg2+ is 6 and that of O2- is 6 also.

P.S.樓上是正確的，翻譯為配位數沒錯

(b) In the unit cell, there is an oxide ion at each of the eight corners; each of these is shared between eight unit cells. There also is an oxide ion at the center of each of the six faces; each of these oxide ions is shared between two unit cells.

There is a magnesium ion on each of the twelve edges; each of these is shared between

four unit cells. There also is a magnesium ion in the center which is not shared with

another unit cell.

運算的部分網頁無法直正確顯示，大致上只剩下角心.面心球的簡單運算

© Along the edge of the unit cell, Mg2+ and O2- ions are in contact. The length of the edge is equal to the radius of one O2- , plus the diameter of Mg2+, plus the radius of another O2-.

edge length=2× O2- radius+2× Mg2+ radius=2×140 pm+2×72 pm=424 pm

The unit cell is a cube; its volume is the cube of its length.

(d)得到單位體積後除MgO得式量可得密度

105.

(a)三相點壓力同時也是液相存在的最低壓力，所以那小幅度的彎曲是錯誤的

(b)固-氣曲線應通過原點

題外話，樓主是使用Petrucci 10th edition的普通化學嗎?

好強耶原文解答!!大大有這本書的原文解答電子檔囉?!我是用Petrucci 10th edition的沒錯~可是老師沒給解答我都不會算題目>< 大大有答案的話方便給嗎...謝謝你!!:D